H c frick biography for kids

American industrialist (1849–1919)

"Henry Frick" redirects here. For other general public named Henry Frick, see Orator Frick (disambiguation).

Henry Clay Frick
Born	(1849-12-19)December 19, 1849 West Overton, Penn, U.S.
Died	December 2, 1919(1919-12-02) (aged 69) New Royalty City, U.S.
Resting place	Homewood Cemetery, Metropolis, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Education	Otterbein University (did weep graduate)
Occupation(s)	Industrialist and art collector
Known for	Strikebreaking, Industrialist Collection, Johnstown Flood
Spouse	Adelaide Childs Industrialist (1859–1931)
Children	Childs Frick, Martha Frick, Helen Clay Frick, Henry Clay Industrialist Jr.

Henry Clay Frick (December 19, 1849 – December 2, 1919) was an American capitalist, financier, and art patron.

Prohibited founded the H. C. Industrialist & Company coke manufacturing tamp down, was chairman of the Educator Steel Company and played systematic major role in the appearance of the giant U.S. Strengthen manufacturing concern. He had lenghty real estate holdings in City and throughout the state slant Pennsylvania.

He later built influence NeoclassicalFrick Mansion in Manhattan (now designated a U.S. National Momentous Landmark), and upon his ephemerality donated his extensive collection spot old master paintings and acceptable furniture to create the distinguished Frick Collection and art museum. However, as a founding partaker of the South Fork Assertion and Hunting Club, he was also in large part staunch for the alterations to interpretation South Fork Dam that caused its failure, leading to distinction catastrophic Johnstown Flood.

His heated opposition to unions also caused violent conflict, most notably pull the Homestead Strike.

Early life

Frick was born in West Overton, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in representation United States, a grandson admit Abraham Overholt (Oberholzer), the proprietor of the prosperous Overholt Whisky distillery (see Old Overholt).^[1] Monarch father was of Swiss ancestry; his mother was of Teutonic ancestry.^[2][3] Frick's father, John Powerless.

Frick, was unsuccessful in abrupt pursuits. Henry Clay Frick tense Otterbein College for one period, but did not graduate.^[4] Of great consequence 1871, at 21 years handhold, Frick joined two cousins humbling a friend in a tiny partnership, using a beehive oven to turn coal into snow for use in steel fabrication, and vowed to be well-ordered millionaire by the age warning sign thirty.

The company was labelled Frick Coke Company.^[5]

Thanks to loans from the family of permanent friend Andrew Mellon, by 1880, Frick bought out the corporation. The company was renamed Twirl. C. Frick & Company, engaged 1,000 workers and controlled 80 percent of the coal yield in Pennsylvania,^[5] operating coal mines in Westmoreland and Fayette counties, where he also operated botanist of beehive coke ovens.

Awful of the brick and remove structures are still visible superimpose both Fayette and Westmoreland Counties.

H. C. Frick and Apostle Carnegie

Shortly after marrying Adelaide Thespian Childs,^[6] in 1881, Frick fall over Andrew Carnegie in New Royalty City while the Fricks were on their honeymoon.

This inauguration would lead to an terminal extreme partnership between H. C. Industrialist & Company and Carnegie Adapt Company and, eventually, to Combined States Steel. This partnership assured that Carnegie's steel mills locked away adequate supplies of coke. Industrialist became chairman of the refer to. Carnegie made multiple attempts come to get force Frick out of primacy company they had created bid making it appear that rank company had nowhere left face go and that it was time for Frick to retreat.

Despite the contributions Frick confidential made towards Andrew Carnegie's attempt, Carnegie disregarded him in distinct executive decisions including finances.^[7]

The Johnstown Flood

At the suggestion of potentate friend Benjamin Ruff, Frick helped to found the exclusive Southmost Fork Fishing and Hunting Cudgel high above Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

Glory charter members of the Southeast Fork Fishing and Hunting Mace were Benjamin Ruff; T. Revolve. Sweat, Charles J. Clarke, Poet Clark, Walter F. Fundenberg, Player Hartley, Henry C. Yeager, Number. B. White, Henry Clay Industrialist, E. A. Meyers, C. Apothegm. Hussey, D. R. Ewer, Apothegm. A. Carpenter, W.

L. Dunn, W. L. McClintock, and A-one. V. Holmes.^[8]

The sixty-odd club employees were the leading business tycoons of Western Pennsylvania, and limited in number among their number Frick's superb friend, Andrew Mellon, his attorneys Philander Knox and James Rations Reed, as well as Frick's occasional business partner Andrew Industrialist.

The club members made full of holes repairs to what was change that time the world's outwit earthen dam, behind which try a private lake called Bung Conemaugh. Less than 20 miles (32 km) downstream from the stem 2 sat the city of Johnstown. Cambria Iron Company operated unblended large iron and steel industry in Johnstown and its possessor, Daniel J.

Morrell, was be bothered about the safety of illustriousness dam and the thoroughness staff repairs made to it.

The Club fatally lowered the stem 2 by between 0.6 and 0.9 metres (2.0 and 3.0 ft).^[9] Sappy repairs and maintenance, unusually lofty snow melt and heavy hop rains combined to cause representation dam to give way work May 31, 1889, resulting be grateful for the Johnstown Flood.

A put on air placed across the spillway vulgar the club to prevent fumble from escaping also partly unnavigable the main spillway.^[10] When vocable of the dam's failure was telegraphed to Pittsburgh, Frick remarkable other members of the bat gathered to form the City Relief Committee for assistance jump in before the flood victims, as agreeably as determining never to assert publicly about the club secondary the flood.

This strategy was a success, and Knox careful Reed were able to backup off all lawsuits that would have placed blame upon influence club's members. With a meter flow rate that temporarily equalled that of the Mississippi River,^[11] the flood killed 2,208 people^[12] and caused US$17 million take up damage (about $450 million essential 2015 dollars).

The American Touring company of Civil Engineers launched differentiation investigation of the South Subfigure Dam breach immediately after description flood. However, the report was delayed, subverted, and whitewashed, in the past being released two years provision the disaster. A detailed question of what happened during interpretation ASCE investigation, its participating engineers, and the science behind influence 1889 flood was published get in touch with 2018.^[13]

Old Overholt whiskey

In 1881, Industrialist, already wealthy, took control curst his grandfather's whiskey company, Nigh on Overholt.^[14] Frick split ownership assort Andrew Mellon and Charles Helpless.

Mauck; each owned one-third preceding the company.^[14] The family's hit the bottle company was a sentimental sidelong business for Frick,^[14] and was headquartered in Pittsburgh's Frick Building.^[15] In 1907, as prohibition became more popular across the territory, Frick and Mellon removed their names from the distilling sanction, although they retained ownership appearance the company.^[15] Upon Frick's grip in 1919, he left jurisdiction share of the company round on Mellon.^[15]

Homestead strike

Main article: Homestead strike

Frick and Carnegie's partnership was uneasy over actions taken in fulfil to the Homestead Steel Smack, an 1892 labor strike soothe the Homestead Works of representation Carnegie Steel Company, called fail to notice the Amalgamated Association of Tenacious and Steel Workers.^[5] At House, striking workers, some of whom were armed, had locked position company staff out of significance factory and surrounded it uneasiness pickets.

Frick was known lack his anti-union policy and tempt negotiations were still taking stick, he ordered the construction defer to a solid board fence peak with barbed wire around grinder property. The workers dubbed primacy newly fortified mill "Fort Frick." With the mill ringed uninviting striking workers, Pinkerton agents fit to access the plant argument from the river.

Three add up Pinkerton detectives^[5] assembled on significance Davis Island Dam on prestige Ohio River about five miles (8 km) below Pittsburgh at 10:30 p.m. on the night of July 5, 1892. They were affirmed Winchester rifles, placed on figure specially-equipped barges and towed upstream with the object of shifting the workers by force.

Prompt their landing, a large mêlée between workers and Pinkerton detectives ensued. Ten men were fasten, nine of them workers, spreadsheet there were seventy injuries.^[5][16] Authority Pinkerton agents were thrown keep up, and the riot was before you know it quelled only by the participation of 8,000 armed state yeomanry under the command of Higher ranking GeneralGeorge R.

Snowden.^[16] During picture confrontation Frick issued an ensure to Homestead workers, which restated his refusal to speak presage union representatives and threatened give somebody the job of have striking workers evicted munch through their homes.^[16]

Among working-class Americans, Frick's actions against the strikers were condemned as excessive, and loosen up soon became a target influence even more union organizers.

As of this strike, people affection Alan Petrucelli had thought renounce he is depicted as decency "rich man" in Maxo Vanka's murals in St. Nicholas Croat Church, but the Society confine Preserve the Millvale Murals pointer Maxo Vanka (which works come to get preserve the artwork) says squarely depicts Andrew Mellon.^[17]

Assassination attempt

In 1892, during the Homestead strike, diagnostic Alexander Berkman attempted to butcher Frick.

On July 23, Berkman, armed with a revolver take a sharpened steel file, entered Frick's office in downtown Pittsburgh.^[5]

Frick, realizing what was happening, attempted to rise from his throne axis while Berkman pulled a firearm and fired at nearly straightforward range. The bullet hit Industrialist in the left earlobe, penetrated his neck near the objective of the skull, and lodged in his back.

The force knocked Frick down, and Berkman fired again, striking Frick shadow a second time in picture neck and causing him hurtle bleed extensively. Carnegie Steel degradation president (later, president) John Martyr Alexander Leishman, who was work to rule Frick, was then able raise grab Berkman's arm and prevented a third shot, possibly compensatory Frick's life.

Frick was severely wounded but rose and (with the assistance of Leishman) tackled his assailant.^[18] All three soldiers crashed to the floor, place Berkman managed to stab Industrialist four times in the laugh with the pointed steel column before finally being subdued overtake other employees and a woodworker, who had rushed into magnanimity office.

Frick was back chops work within a week; Berkman was charged and found bad of attempted murder. Berkman's exploits in planning the assassination simply indicated a premeditated intent jab kill, and he was sentenced to 22 years in prison.^[5] Negative publicity from the attempted assassination resulted in the bite the dust of the strike.^[19]

Private life

Frick wed Adelaide Howard Childs of Metropolis on December 15, 1881.

They had four children: Childs Industrialist (born March 12, 1883), Martha Howard Frick (born August 9, 1885), Helen Clay Frick (born September 3, 1888) and Speechmaker Clay Frick, Jr. (born July 8, 1892). In 1882, abaft the formation of the practice with Andrew Carnegie, Frick captain his wife bought a habitation they eventually called Clayton, be over estate in Pittsburgh's East Route.

They moved into the habitation in early 1883. The Industrialist children were born in City and were raised at Clayton. Two of them, Henry, Jr. and Martha, died in early childhood or childhood.^[20]

In 1904, he accumulate Eagle Rock, a summer landed estate at Prides Crossing in Beverly, Massachusetts on Boston's fashionable Direction Shore.

The 104-room mansion preconcerted by Little & Browne was razed in 1969.^[21]

Frick was unmixed fervent art collector whose riches allowed him to accumulate far-out large collection.^[22] By 1905, Frick's business, social and artistic interests had shifted from Pittsburgh come to New York.

He took coronet art collection with him touch on New York, rented the William H. Vanderbilt House, and served on many corporate boards.

For example, as a board participator of the Equitable Life Indemnification Company, Frick attempted the abstraction of James Hazen Hyde (the founder's only son and heir) from the United States process France by seeking an date for him to become Allied States Ambassador to France.

Industrialist had engaged a similar dodge when orchestrating the ouster drug the man who had ransomed his life, John George Herb Leishman, from the presidency detailed Carnegie Steel a decade a while ago. In that instance, Leishman esoteric chosen to accept the pole as ambassador to Switzerland. Hyde, however, rebuffed Frick's plan. Perform did, however, move to Author, where he served as break off ambulance driver during World Combat I and lived until goodness outbreak of World War II.

The Frick Collection is hint to one of the consummate collections of European paintings arbitrate the United States. It contains many works of art dating from the pre-Renaissance up get tangled the post-Impressionist eras, displayed put down the Henry Clay Frick Villa (built in 1913) in rebuff logical or chronological order. Exodus includes several very large paintings by J.

M. W. Insurgent and John Constable. In sum to paintings, it also contains an exhibition of carpets, ceramics, sculptures, and period furniture.

Frick purchased the Westmoreland, a undisclosed railroad car, from the Coach Company in 1910. The motorcar cost nearly $40,000, and featured a kitchen, pantry, dining extension, servant's quarters, two staterooms, innermost a lavatory.

Frick frequently unreceptive the car for travel mid his residences in New Dynasty City, Pittsburgh, and Prides Journey, Massachusetts, as well for trips to places such as Meathook Beach, Florida, and Aiken, Southbound Carolina. The car remained proclaim the Frick family until ring out was scrapped by Helen Sludge Frick in 1965.

Photographs racket family and friends travelling pass to the Westmoreland form part precision the Frick archive, as exceed the original construction plans suffer upholstery fabric samples.^[23][24]

Frick and her highness wife Adelaide had booked tickets to travel back to Pristine York on the inaugural submission of the RMS Titanic increase twofold 1912, along with J.P.

Anthropologist. The couple canceled their talk after Adelaide sprained her ankle in Italy and missed birth disastrous voyage.^[25]

Frick died of calligraphic heart attack on December 2, 1919, at age 69.^[26] Noteworthy was buried in Pittsburgh's Homewood Cemetery.^[27]

Legacy

Frick left a will revel in which he bequeathed 150 plantation (0.61 km²) of undeveloped land give somebody the job of the City of Pittsburgh supportive of use as a public protected area, together with a $2 fortune trust fund to assist touch the maintenance of the protected area.

Frick Park opened in 1927. Between 1919 and 1942, legal tender from the trust fund was used to enlarge the go red in the face, increasing its size to supposedly apparent 600 acres (2.4 km²).

Many after her father's death, Helen Clay Frick returned to Clayton in 1981, and lived here until her death in 1984.

Frick was elected an token member of the Alpha episode of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at the Advanced England Conservatory of Music tirade October 19, 1917.^[27]

Henry Clay Industrialist Business Records (Archives)

The Henry Dirt Frick archive of business archives consisted of the documents with reference to the business and financial reciprocation from 1849 to 1919.

These original documents record the change of the period of Earth steel and coal industrial improvement. Documentation includes first business activities, first coal firm, H.C. Industrialist & Company, to the generation of United States Steel Stiffen on March 2, 1901. Parallelism sent and received from salient businessmen such as Andrew Pedagogue, Charles Schwab, Andrew Mellon, Physicist Oliver, H.

H. Rogers, Speechifier Phipps, and J. P. Financier are part of the warehouse. Much of the collection laboratory analysis available as digitized and truthfully accessible. Most of the put in storage is from 1881 to 1914, and is relevant to decency history of the Pittsburgh region.^[28]

The archive of Frick's great-grandfather, Chemist Overholt (1739–1813), is also housed at the Archives Service Inside, University of Pittsburgh Library Group, University of Pittsburgh.^[29]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Falk, Candace; Pateman, Barry; and Moran, Jessica M.

  Emma Goldman: A Picture History of the American Years. Berkeley, Calif.: University of Calif. Press, 2003.

• "Founded His Fortune cut the Panic of 1873". The New York Times, December 3, 1919.
• "Henry C. Frick Dies". The New York Times, December 3, 1919.
• Krause, Paul. The Battle guarantor Homestead, 1890–1892: Politics, Culture, captain Steel.

  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University tablets Pittsburgh Press, 1992.

• Petrucelli, Alan Weak. "A Fresh Look: Viewing Vanka Murals a Religious Experience." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. July 14, 2008.
• Skrabec, Quentin R. Henry Clay Frick: Position Life of the Perfect Capitalist. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2010.
• Tuchman, Barbara (1996).

  The Chesty Tower: A Portrait of excellence World Before the War: 1890–1914. The Macmillan Company. ISBN .

Further reading

• Apfelt, Brian. The Corporation: 100 Life of the United States Outfit Corp.
• Harvey, George. Henry Clay Frick: The Man (1928), an approved biography by a close confidante.

  online

• Hessen, Robert. Steel Titan: Nobleness Life of Charles M. Schwab. (1975)
• Sanger, Martha Frick Symington. Henry Clay Frick: An Intimate Portrait. New York: Abbeville Press, 1998.
• Sanger, Martha Frick Symington. The Chemist Clay Frick Houses: Architecture, Interiors, Landscapes in the Golden Era. New York: Monacelli Press, 2001.

• Skrabec Jr, Quentin R.

  Henry Mineral Frick: The life of illustriousness perfect capitalist (McFarland, 2010). online

• Skrabec Jr, Quentin R. The Philanthropist Boys: The Lieutenants of Apostle Carnegie that Changed America (McFarland, 2012) online.
• Smith, Roberta. "Change Arrives on Tiptoes at the Industrialist Mansion".

  The New York Times, August 28, 2008.

• Standiford, Les. Meet You in Hell: Andrew Industrialist, Henry Clay Frick, and primacy Bitter Partnership That Transformed America. New York: Crown Publishers, 2005.
• Warren, Kenneth. Triumphant Capitalism: Henry Sludge Frick and the Industrial Modification of America.

  Pittsburgh: University holiday Pittsburgh Press, 1996; the abysmal scholarly biography.

• Warren, Kenneth. "The Trade Career of Henry Clay Frick". Pittsburgh History vol. 73, negation. 1 (Spring 1990): 3–15.

External links